Performance Evaluation of Clock Synchronization Algorithms
نویسندگان
چکیده
Clock synchronization algorithms ensure that physically dispersed processors have a common knowledge of time. This report proposes a survey of software fault-tolerant clock synchronization algorithms: deterministic, probabilistic and statistical ; internal and external ; and resilient from crash to Byzantine failures. Our survey is based on a classiica-tion of clock synchronization algorithms (according to their internal structure and to three orthogonal and independent basic building blocks we have identiied), and on a performance evaluation of algorithms constructed from these building blocks. The performance evaluation is achieved through the simulation of a panel of fault-tolerant clock synchronization algorithms LL88, ST87, PB95, GZ89]. The algorithms behavior is analyzed in the presence of various kinds of failures (crash, omission, timing, performance, Byzantine), both when the number and type of failures respect the fault assumptions made by the algorithm and when fault assumptions are exceeded. Our survey will help the designer in choosing the most appropriate structure of algorithm and the best building blocks suited to his/her hardware architecture, failure model, quality of synchronized clocks and message cost induced. Moreover, our classiication uses a uniform notation that allows to compare existing clock synchronization algorithms with respect to their fault model, the building blocks they use, the properties they ensure and their cost in terms of message exchanges. Evaluation de performance d'algorithmes de synchronisation d'horloges RRsumm : Les algorithmes de synchronisation d'horloges oorent une notion commune du temps des processeurs n'ayant pas acccs une horloge globale partagge. Ce rapport propose un tat de l'art des algorithmes de synchronisation d'horloges implantts par logiciel, qu'ils soient ddterministes, probabilistes ou statistiques, qu'ils assurent une synchronisation interne ou externe, et qu'ils soient rrsilients aux ddfaillances par arrrt, par omission ou Byzantines. Cet tat de l'art repose sur une classiication de ces algorithmes et sur une valuation de leur performance eeectuue partir de cette classiication. Cette valuation de performance est obtenue par simulation d'une sslection d'algorithmes de synchronisation d'horloges LL88, ST87, PB95, GZ89]. Le comportement de ces algorithmes est analyss en prrsence de diiirents types de fautes (arrrt, omission, performance, Byzantines), la fois lorsque le nombre et le type des fautes ggnnrres lors de l''valuation respectent les hypothhses faites par les algorithmes et galement lorsque ces hypothhses sont violles. Cet tat de l'art est destinn guider le concepteur d'un algorithme de synchronisation d'horloges dans le choix de la technique la mieux adaptte son architecture mattrielle, le moddle de ddfaillances viss, …
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